Involved with the European Union, he notably presided over the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the ill-fated Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. [75][76][77], In 2008 he became the Honorary President of the Permanent Platform of Atomium Culture. Former French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, pictured in 2017, died Wednesday in Paris at age 94. L'entourage de l'ancien chef de l'Etat et l'Elysée ont fait cette annonce à France Télévisions, mercredi 2 décembre. On taking office Giscard was quick to initiate reforms; they included increasing the minimum wage as well as family allowances and old-age pensions. [63] Indeed, the question of the membership of former presidents in the council was raised at this point, with some suggesting that it should be replaced by a life membership in the Senate. In 1981, despite a high approval rating, he was defeated in a runoff against Mitterrand, with 48.2% of the vote. [89] This fuelled rumours that the piece of fiction was based on a real-life liaison between Giscard and Diana, Princess of Wales. La date de naissance de Valery Giscard D'Estaing est : le mardi 2 février 1926 à Coblence, ALLEMAGNE. [11] In the run-off on 20 May, however, Giscard narrowly defeated Mitterrand, receiving 50.7% of the vote. After his presidency, Giscard d'Estaing continued to work in politics, focusing more on the international stage and strengthening connections among European countries. Résumé de la rubrique. [11], He served as President of the UDF from 1988 to 1996, but he was faced with the rise of a new generation of politicians called the rénovateurs ("renovationmen"). Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est mort ce mercredi 2 décembre 2020, à l’âge de 94 ans. Emptaz says he'll never forget Giscard's words at the time: "I underestimated the force of derision.". Millerand held the presidency in an acting capacity before being fully elected. He also served as President of the Regional Council of Auvergne from 1986 to 2004. Valery Giscard d’Estaing, the president of France from 1974 to 1981 who became a champion of European integration, has died Wednesday, Dec. 2, 2020 at the age of 94, his office and the French presidency said. Former French President Giscard d’Estaing Dies at 94 France Reuters Dec 2, 2020 Share Facebook Twitter Copy Link Diana, Princess of Wales (R) turns and laughs with former French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing, in this Nov. 28, 1994 file photo where the two attended the theatre and dinner at the Chateau de Versailles, France. [83] His family did not live in the presidential Élysée Palace, and The Independent reported on his affairs with women. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est décédé, à l'âge de 94 ans, dans sa propriété d'Authon dans le Loir-et-Cher. His tenure was marked by a more liberal attitude on social issues—such as divorce, contraception, and abortion—and attempts to modernise the country and the office of the presidency, notably launching such far-reaching infrastructure projects as the TGV and the turn towards reliance on nuclear power as France's main energy source. He turned to Prime Minister Raymond Barre in 1976, who advocated numerous complex, strict policies ("Barre Plans"). [51] In later years, it was widely said that Giscard loathed Chirac;[52] certainly on many occasions Giscard criticised Chirac's policies despite supporting Chirac's governing coalition. He extended the right to political asylum, expanded health insurance to cover all Frenchmen, lowered the voting age to 18, and modernised the divorce law. The last death sentence, bearing Giscard's signature, was executed in September 1977, the last ratified by the Court of Cassation in March 1981, but rescinded by presidential pardon after Giscard's defeat in the presidential election in May. He promoted liberalisation of trade. Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (UK: /ˌʒiːskɑːr dɛˈstæ̃/,[2] US: /ʒɪˌskɑːr -/,[3][4] French: [valeʁi maʁi ʁəne ʒɔʁʒ ʒiskaʁ dɛstɛ̃] (listen); 2 February 1926 – 2 December 2020), also known as Giscard or VGE, was a French politician who served as President of France from 1974 to 1981.[5]. For other uses, see, Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing. He was the elder son of Jean Edmond Lucien Giscard d'Estaing, a high-ranking civil servant, and his wife, Marthe Clémence Jacqueline Marie (May) Bardoux. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing is survived by three of his four children; Valérie-Anne, Henri, Louis. There were measures to restore the trade balance, and support the growth of the economy and employment. [53] In 1984, he was re-elected to his seat in the National Assembly[53] and won the presidency of the regional council of Auvergne. [86] However, a number of major newspapers in several countries questioned their motives and some hinted at self-appointed nobility and a usurped historical identity. [72] In an article for Le Monde in June 2007, published in English translation by The Irish Times, he said that a "divide and ratify" approach, whereby "public opinion would be led to adopt, without knowing it, the proposals we dare not present to them directly", would be unworthy and would reinforce the idea that the construction of Europe was being organised behind the public's backs by lawyers and diplomats;[73][74] the quotation was taken out of context by prominent supporters of a "no" vote and distorted to give the impression that Giscard was advocating such a deception, instead of repudiating it. [11] During the 1988 presidential campaign, he refused to choose publicly between the two right-wing candidates, his two former Prime Ministers Jacques Chirac and Raymond Barre. [78] On 27 November 2009, Giscard publicly launched the Permanent Platform of Atomium Culture during its first conference, held at the European Parliament,[79] declaring: "European intelligence could be at the very root of the identity of the European people. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing n’est plus. [10][12] His two main challengers were François Mitterrand for the left and Jacques Chaban-Delmas, a former Gaullist Prime Minister. Valery Giscard d’Estaing, the president of France from 1974 to 1981 who became a … [11] His funeral and burial was held on 5 December in Authon with forty people attending the event. However, his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis, marking the end of the "Trente Glorieuses" (thirty glorious years of prosperity after 1945). [11], In his appointments he was innovative regarding women. [68], From 1989 to 1993, Giscard served as a member of the European Parliament. [21] The Gaullists accused him of being largely responsible for De Gaulle's departure. [66], A 2014 poll suggested that 64% of the French thought he had been a good president. Economic trouble following the 1973 global energy crisis spelled disaster for Giscard d'Estaing, however. [10][12] He was President of the Council of European Municipalities and Regions from 1997 to 2004. [60] Following his retirement from the National Assembly his son Louis Giscard d'Estaing was elected in his former constituency. In December 2001, the European Council appointed him president of the Convention on the Future of Europe, the goal of which was to produce a draft constitution for the European Union, a project that was ultimately unsuccessful. [102], In 2003 he received the Charlemagne Award of the German city of Aachen. [18][19], However, in 1966, he was dismissed from the cabinet. à l'age … The Declaration of Rambouillet committed the leaders to an annual meeting, which would became the G7. Le 2 décembre 2020, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing meurt à l'âge de 94 ans dans sa propriété d'Authon dans le Loir-et-Cher, des suites du Covid-19. "A great European who will keep inspiring us, "Europe's premier Parliamentarian receives 2004 Charlemagne Prize", "Former French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing Visits the Holy Family Hospital in Bethlehem", "22nd June 1976: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh with President Valery Giscard d'Estaing of France and his wife before a state banquet at Buckingham Palace", Official List of Knights of the Order of the Elephant, Biography on the French National Assembly website, First and second-round results of French presidential elections, Minister of Finance and Economics Affairs, Anne-Pierre, marquis de Montesquiou-Fézensac, Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valéry_Giscard_d%27Estaing&oldid=999910542, Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France, French military personnel of World War II, National Centre of Independents and Peasants politicians, Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (France), Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Danish-language sources (da), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2020, Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Cameron, David R. "The dynamics of presidential coalition formation in France: from Gaullism to Giscardism. The package was not very popular, but was pursued with vigor. Giroud worked to improve access to meaningful employment and to reconcile careers with childbearing. He also lowered the voting age from of 21 to 18, which was seen in its day as a big step for French youth. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, président de la France de 1974 à 1981, est décédé à l'âge de 94 ans. Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. In 2003, he was elected to the Académie Française, taking the seat that his friend and former president of Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor had held. Giscard d'Estaing is also remembered for a scandal linking him to an African dictator. Elle a sans doute révolutionné la fonction de Première dame à l'Élysée. Giscard d'Estaing was elected president at the age of 48 in 1974, narrowly defeating socialist François Mitterand during a time of cultural modernization and economic upheaval. "It was just a little line in the paper about how Giscard had offered himself some diamonds while on a trip to Africa. [22], In 1974, after the sudden death of President Georges Pompidou, Giscard announced his candidacy for the presidency. [11] He was representative of a new generation of politicians emerging from the senior civil service, seen as "technocrats". [10] He was also known simply as l'Ex, particularly during the time he was the only living former president. [12], In 2003, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was admitted to the Académie française. [70] On 29 October 2004, the European heads of state, gathered in Rome, approved and signed the European Constitution based on a draft strongly influenced by Giscard's work at the convention. [12][22], Despite his ambitions, he was unable to resolve the great economic crisis of his term, a worldwide economic recession caused primarily by a very rapid increase in oil prices. Acting heads of state are denoted by an asterisk. France under his administration was thus the last country in the European Community and, had the United States not reinstated it, the last in the Western world to apply the death penalty. L’ancien président de la République avait été hospitalisé à … Many say the infamous Bokassa diamond affair cost Giscard d'Estaing the rematch against Mitterrand. "Valéry Giscard D’Estaing." [39] Giscard reacted by founding a centre-right confederation, the Union for French Democracy (UDF). [17] After the proclamation of the Fifth Republic, the CNIP leader Antoine Pinay became Minister of Economy and Finance and chose him as Secretary of State for Finances from 1959 to 1962. Oil imports, whose price had shot up, were limited. [25], In 1974, Giscard was elected President of France, defeating Socialist candidate François Mitterrand by 425,000 votes. [71] Although the Constitution was rejected by French voters in May 2005, Giscard continued to actively lobby for its passage in other European Union states. [55] He has also served on the Trilateral Commission after being president, writing papers with Henry Kissinger. [62] Some of his actions there, such as his campaign in favour of the Treaty establishing the European Constitution, were criticised as unbecoming to a member of this council, which should embody nonpartisanship and should not appear to favour one political option over the other. [11] He was later awarded the Croix de guerre for his military service. [69] From 1989 to 1991, he was also chairman of the Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group. [22] He took a ride on the Métro, ate monthly dinners with ordinary Frenchmen, and even invited garbage men from Paris to have breakfast with him in the Élysée Palace. ", Nester, William R. "President Giscard d'Estaing", in, Shenton, Gordon. [43], Giscard continued de Gaulle's African policy and he supported delivering oil supplies to and from Africa. [16] He joined the National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP), a conservative grouping. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est mort. [31], Economically, Giscard's presidency saw a steady rise in personal incomes, with the purchasing power of workers going up by 29% and that of old age pensioners by 65%. His ancestress was Lucie Madeleine d'Estaing, Dame de Réquistat (1769–1844), who in turn was descendant of Joachim I d'Estaing, sieur de Réquistat (1610–1685), illegitimate son of Charles d'Estaing (1585–1661), sieur de Cheylade, Knight of Saint John of Jerusalem, son of Jean III d'Estaing, seigneur de Val (1540–1621) and his wife, Gilberte de La Rochefoucauld (1560–1623). [101], Giscard d’Estaing was seen as the pioneer in modernising France and strengthening the European Union. [7] His mother was the daughter of senator and academic Achille Octave Marie Jacques Bardoux, and a granddaughter of minister of state education Agénor Bardoux.[8]. He was the youngest president of the Fifth Republic, a record that would stand until the election of President Emmanuel Macron in 2017 at the age of 39. The incident was revealed by satirical newspaper Le Canard Enchainé and became one of its most famous scoops, remembers editor Erik Emptaz. The affair was unveiled by the satirical newspaper Le Canard Enchaîné on 10 October 1979, towards the end of Giscard's presidency. [67], On 21 January 2017, with a lifespan of 33,226 days, he surpassed Émile Loubet (1838–1929) in terms of longevity, and became the oldest former president in French history. [37] He did not commute three of the death sentences that he had to decide upon during his presidency. Jean-Marc Fedida, Giscard d'Estaing's lawyer, told the New York Times in May that the former president had no memory of the incident, which was viewed as "a particularly undignified and offensive media attack. [11] He then joined the French First Army and served until the end of the war. He decriminalized abortion in 1975 and created a minister for women's conditions. It concerned his accepting a gift of diamonds from Central African leader Jean Bokassa when he visited the African strongman in 1979. [58] That same year Giscard suffered a setback when he lost a close election for the mayoralty of Clermont-Ferrand.
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