Il obtient une compensation à Paris, où il est réélu maire. During his second term, however, he had a very low approval rating and was considered one of the least popular presidents in modern French political history. He hired 145 extra employees – the total number of the people he employed simultaneously was 963. After the publication of the Jean-Claude Méry by Le Monde on 22 September 2000, in which Jean-Claude Méry, in charge of the RPR's financing, directly accused Chirac of organizing the network, and of having been physically present on 5 October 1986, when Méry gave in cash 5 million Francs, which came from companies who had benefited from state deals, to Michel Roussin, personal secretary (directeur de cabinet) of Chirac,[42][43] Chirac refused to attend court in response to his summons by judge Eric Halphen, and the highest echelons of the French justice system declared that he could not be inculpated while in office. Chirac occupied various senior positions, including Minister of Agriculture and Minister of the Interior. Chirac told the Socialist candidate that he wanted to "get rid of Giscard". This appointment launched Chirac's political career. "The Mainstream Right: Chirac and Balladur." At the year's end Chirac faced major workers' strikes which turned, in November–December 1995, into a general strike, one of the largest since May 1968. In 2006, The Economist wrote that Chirac "is the most unpopular occupant of the Elysée Palace in the fifth republic's history."[51]. Chirac’s first campaign for the presidency in 1981 split the conservative vote with Giscard and thereby allowed the Socialist Party candidate, François Mitterrand, to win. Il déroge à la règle qu'il s'était fixé : ne pas critiquer son successeur. Chirac announced that he did not want to come back as prime minister as his previous term had ended with his unsuccessful run for the presidency against Mitterand who was still President at this point. The day was declared a national day of mourning in France and a minute of silence was held nationwide at 15:00. Chirac won re-election by a landslide, with 82 percent of the vote on the second ballot. Il subit par conséquent une cohabitation de cinq années. Chirac was born in the 5th arrondissement of Paris. In 2001, the left, represented by Bertrand Delanoë (PS), won a majority on the city council of the capital. Charles Fathy appears as Chirac in the Oliver Stone film W. Marc Rioufol plays him in Richard Loncraine's 2010 film The Special Relationship. [47] He also published a plan to reduce the number of fighters the French military had by 30.[48]. In early September 2005, Chirac suffered an event that his doctors described as a "vascular incident". [93] He was convicted of diverting public funds, abuse of trust and illegal conflict of interest. On the domestic front, neo-liberal economic austerity measures introduced by Chirac and his conservative prime minister Alain Juppé, including budgetary cutbacks, proved highly unpopular. Chirac was elected on a platform of tax cuts and job programmes, but his policies did little to ease the labour strikes during his first months in office. "Jacques chirac's balancing acts: The French right and Europe. Ressources Eduscol sur Jacques Chirac : pas une critique ni un mot sur les affaires judiciaires ! Despite past opposition to state intervention the Chirac government approved a €2.8 billion aid package to troubled manufacturing giant Alstom. Jacques Chirac ne digère pas le Pacs. C’est lui qui œuvre en 2002, alors que Jacques Chirac est à l’Élysée, pour rassembler le pouvoir et les rebelles de Côte d’Ivoire à Linas-Marcoussis, qui aboutira aux accords de Kléber. [87], The conditions of the privatisation of the Parisian water system acquired very cheaply by the Compagnie Générale des Eaux and the Lyonnaise des Eaux, then directed by Jérôme Monod, a close friend of Chirac, were also criticised. In fine, Jacques Chirac aura été l'un des hommes politiques les plus populaires, et les plus tenaces de la Ve République. He argued for more socially responsible economic policies and was elected president in the 1995 presidential election with 52.6% of the vote in the second round, beating Socialist Lionel Jospin, after campaigning on a platform of healing the "social rift" (fracture sociale). « Le président Jacques Chirac s’est éteint ce matin au milieu des siens. Whereas the policies of Mitterrand’s second term…, …had proved deeply disappointing to Chirac, who had engineered Balladur’s appointment on the assumption that he would stand in for Chirac and step aside in his favour when the presidential election approached. [13] He was educated in Paris at the Cours Hattemer, a private school. Chirac, too, was allegedly involved in corrupt political dealings, but he remained immune from prosecution until his term as president ended. [citation needed], Chirac made his first run for president against Giscard d'Estaing in the 1981 election, thus splitting the centre-right vote. "[97], In 1956, Chirac married Bernadette Chodron de Courcel, with whom he had two daughters: Laurence (4 March 1958 – 14 April 2016)[98] and Claude (born 6 December 1962). Because of Jacques Chirac's long career in visible government positions, he was often parodied or caricatured: Young Jacques Chirac is the basis of a young, dashing bureaucrat character in the 1976 Asterix comic strip album Obelix and Co., proposing methods to quell Gallic unrest to elderly, old-style Roman politicians. Chirac’s most important achievement during his second term was his administration’s privatization of many major corporations that had been nationalized under Mitterrand. France led several other European countries in an effort to prevent the invasion. ... the criminal folly of the occupiers was seconded by the French, by the French State".[38][39][40]. After serving as minister for agriculture (1972–74) and of the interior (1974), Chirac was appointed prime minister by newly elected President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing in 1974. [8] Then, Chirac's economic policies, based on dirigisme, allowing for state-directed investment, stood in opposition to the laissez-faire policies of the United Kingdom under the ministries of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, which Chirac described as "Anglo-Saxon ultraliberalism".[9]. La deuxième critique est la constitution de noyaux d'actionnaires stables, appelés "noyaux durs", dans les entreprises privatisées. But instead, it created an uproar, and his power was weakened by the subsequent backlash. However, it is generally conceded that Mitterrand used the areas granted to the President of the Republic, or "reserved domains" of the Presidency, Defence and Foreign Affairs, to belittle his Prime Minister. In 2002 Chirac’s party, the RPR, merged with part of the Union for the French Democracy and the Liberal Democratic party to create the Union for the Presidential Majority (later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement; UMP). As president, Chirac tried to cut spending and thereby reduce the government’s budget deficits so that France could qualify to participate in a single common European currency, the euro, which replaced the franc as France’s sole currency in 2002. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). in David Bell and John Gaffney, eds. in Nester, This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 01:09. It supports field projects that involve local people and provide concrete and innovative solutions. He allegedly refused any alliance with Jean-Marie Le Pen's Front National. Jacques Chirac, French politician who served as the country’s president (1995–2007) and prime minister (1974–76, 1986–88) and was a dominant figure in 20th-century French politics. [49] The departing plane, an Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde, ran over a strip of metal on takeoff puncturing its left fuel tank and sliced electrical wires near the left landing gear. "[30] Foccart, who had also co-founded the Gaullist SAC militia (dissolved by Mitterrand in 1982 after the Auriol massacre) along with Charles Pasqua, and who was a key component of the "Françafrique" system, was again called to the Elysée Palace when Chirac won the 1995 presidential election. Sa famille l’a annoncé, jeudi 26 septembre, auprès de l’Agence France Presse. ", Chafer, Tony. Jacques Chirac ne parle pas facilement de lui-même. Municipal councillor of Sainte-Féréole: 1965–77. [citation needed]. He did not explain the reasons for his decision. In 1977, Chirac stood as a candidate against Michel d'Ornano, a close friend of the president, and he won. Mais le courant favorable à Jacques Chirac, mené par Alain Juppé, finit par l’emporter, et le maire de Paris est réélu en 1990 président du RPR. [12], Chirac was an only child (his elder sister, Jacqueline, died in infancy before his birth). • Allport, Alan. Jacques Chirac est mort. Retrouvez toutes les phrases célèbres de Jacques Chirac parmi une sélection de + de 100 000 citations célèbres provenant d'ouvrages, d'interviews ou de discours. [73] A poll conducted in 2010 suggested he was the most admired political figure in France, while Sarkozy was 32nd. D’anciens homologues de Jacques Chirac, à l’image de Bill Clinton et Vladimir Poutine, ou encore Tony Blair, étaient également là pour saluer une dernière fois l'ancien président. Thousands of people were invited each year to receptions in the Paris city hall, while many political, media and artistic personalities were hosted in private flats owned by the city. Elected as President of the Republic, he refused to discuss the existence of French military bases in Africa, despite requests by the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Reelected in 2002. Mayor of Paris: 1977–95 (Resignation, became President of the French Republic in 1995). [44] In 1997 the aircraft carrier Clemenceau was decommissioned after 37 years of service, with her sister ship Foch decommissioned in 2000 after 37 years of service, leaving the French Navy with no aircraft carrier until 2001, when Charles de Gaulle was commissioned. In 1997, Chirac dissolved parliament for early legislative elections in a gamble designed to bolster support for his conservative economic program. Ministre en 1968, il ne quitte le devant de la scène qu'en 2007. In return, the new president chose Chirac to lead the cabinet. This surprising victory in the context of a Gaullist ebb permitted him to enter the government as Minister of Social Affairs. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The RPR employee advised him "certainly do not vote Giscard!" Si Jacques Chirac s'investit personnellement dans la défense des plus symboliques d'entre elles, telles la majorité à 18 ans, la loi sur l'avortement, l'extension de la couverture de sécurité sociale ou la réforme de l'audiovisuel (avec l'éclatement de l'ORTF en sept entités autonomes, comprenant les trois chaines et Radio France, tout en conservant le monopole d'État), celles-ci, ainsi que certaines actions du président … Although it has been often interpreted by historians as the struggle between two rival French right-wing families (the Bonapartists, represented by Chirac, and the Orleanists, represented by VGE), both figures in fact were members of the liberal, Orleanist tradition, according to historian Alain-Gérard Slama. In the spring of the same year—despite criticism for various ethical lapses and accusations of illegal fund-raising levied against the RPR—Chirac won the first round of France’s presidential balloting over right-wing nationalist Jean-Marie Le Pen and Jospin, whose third-place showing eliminated him from the second round. [citation needed], In the United States Chirac worked at Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis, Missouri. Les acquis sociaux avaient été le thème choisi par François Mitterrand pour porter des coups de boutoir durant la cohabitation avec Jacques Chirac. Prenons garde que notre esprit critique ne se transforme en esprit de dénigrement systématique... - Une citation de Jacques Chirac Cohabitation significantly weakened the power of Chirac's presidency. Those responsible for the roundup were "4,500 policemen and gendarmes, French, under the authority of their leaders [who] obeyed the demands of the Nazis. Chirac had failed to see that his stylish and courteous stand-in might develop into his own most serious…. He doubled the number of presidential cars – to 61 cars and seven scooters in the Palace's garage. Also that year, Chirac signed into law a controversial measure that prohibited head scarves worn by Muslim girls, as well as other religious symbols, in state schools. His character for a while developed a superhero alter ego, Super Menteur ("Super Liar") to get him out of embarrassing situations. Jacques Chirac (right) with European Commission Pres. Chirac critique la cuisine anglaise "La seule chose qu'ils ont faite pour l'agriculture européenne, c'est la vache folle", a affirmé le président à Kaliningrad dimanche, en présence Vladimir Poutine et Gerhard Schroder. Ce jeudi, Jacques Chirac nous a quitté. Dans son discours devant l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies hier à New York, Jacques Chirac a dénoncé la guerre unilatérale des Américains en Irak. During Chirac’s presidency, a number of his political associates were tried on charges of corruption. French Pres. [79] He was originally portrayed as a rather likable, though overexcited, character; following the corruption allegations, however, he was depicted as a kind of dilettante and incompetent who pilfered public money and lied through his teeth. ", Elgie, Robert. At the end of his first term it accounted for three percent of GDP. [93][95], During April and May 2006, Chirac's administration was beset by a crisis as his chosen Prime Minister, Dominique de Villepin, was accused of asking Philippe Rondot, a top level French spy, for a secret investigation into Villepin's chief political rival, Nicolas Sarkozy, in 2004. [19], Chirac trained as a reserve military officer in armoured cavalry at Saumur. Later in his second term, Chirac’s popularity declined. At the age of 41, Chirac stood out as the very model of the jeunes loups ("young wolves") of French politics, but he was faced with the hostility of the "Barons of Gaullism" who considered him a traitor for his role during the previous presidential campaign. Jacques René Chirac (UK: /ˈʃɪəræk/ SHEER-ak,[1][2] US: /ʒɑːk ʃɪəˈrɑːk/ (listen) ZHAHK sheer-AHK,[2][3][4] French: [ʒak ʁəne ʃiʁak] (listen); 29 November 1932[5] – 26 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France[6] from 1995 to 2007. As the candidate of the centre-right RPR, Chirac ran for the presidency against Mitterrand and was defeated in runoff elections in May 1988, whereupon he resigned the post of prime minister. Au lendemain de la mort de Jacques Chirac jeudi 26 septembre, la presse française rend hommage à celui qui reste l’un des présidents les plus appréciés de ses compatriotes. After attending the École nationale d'administration, Chirac began his career as a high-level civil servant, entering politics shortly thereafter. Struggle for the right-wing leadership: 1976–1986, State responsibility for the roundup of Jews. Because of his alleged improprieties, he was lambasted in a song Chirac en prison ("Chirac in prison") by French punk band Les Wampas, with a video clip made by the Guignols. After his baccalauréat, he served for three months as a sailor on a coal-transport. [28] But the eviction of the Gaullist barons and of President Giscard d'Estaing convinced Chirac to assume a strong neo-Gaullist stance. [59], In July 2006, the G8 met to discuss international energy concerns. The early part of the term was dominated by U.S.- and British-led efforts to secure United Nations support for a military invasion of Iraq, whose government, led by Ṣaddām Ḥussein, they accused of possessing or attempting to develop weapons of mass destruction in violation of UN Security Council resolutions. Jacques Chirac, la mort d’un conquérant. During this period, he joined the French Communist Party, sold copies of L'Humanité, and took part in meetings of a communist cell. "Protocol, Image, and Discourse in Political leadership Competition: the case of prime minister Lionel Jospin, 1997-2002.". Millerand held the presidency in an acting capacity before being fully elected. [citation needed]. par France Républicaine et Souverainiste lundi 30 septembre 2019 8 Réactions. [citation needed], One of his first acts concerning foreign policy was to call back Jacques Foccart (1913–1997), who had been de Gaulle's and his successors' leading counsellor for African matters, called by journalist Stephen Smith the "father of all "networks" on the continent, at the time [in 1986] aged 72. C'est le cas de Booba et JoeyStarr ! I do not believe France is responsible," he said in September 1994. francia politikus, Franciaország elnöke. Reelected in 1973, 1976. Jacques René Chirac (Párizs, 1932. november 29. It has been said during other student crises that this event strongly affected Jacques Chirac, who was afterwards careful about possible police violence during such demonstrations (e.g., maybe explaining part of the decision to "promulgate without applying" the First Employment Contract (CPE) after large student demonstrations against it). As the Supreme Commander of the French armed forces, he reduced the military budget, as did his predecessor. [87], Chirac's immunity from prosecution ended in May 2007, when he left office as president. Chirac seized the occasion to periodically criticise Jospin's government. Levy, Jonah, Alistair Cole, and Patrick Le Galès. Chirac's internal policies initially included lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatisation. It had been expected that he would face incumbent prime minister Lionel Jospin (PS) in the second round of elections; instead, Chirac faced far-right politician Jean-Marie Le Pen of the National Front (FN), who came in 200,000 votes ahead of Jospin. [80], Bernard Le Coq portrays Chirac in La Dernière Campagne and The Conquest by Xavier Durringer.[81][82]. [60], Chirac requested the Landau-report (published in September 2004) and combined with the Report of the Technical Group on Innovative Financing Mechanisms formulated upon request by the Heads of State of Brazil, Chile, France and Spain (issued in December 2004), these documents present various opportunities for innovative financing mechanisms while equally stressing the advantages (stability and predictability) of tax-based models. These elections were moved forward because of Pompidou's sudden death on 2 April 1974. In 1954, Chirac presented The Development of the Port of New-Orleans, a short geography/economic thesis to the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), which he had entered three years before. Chirac instead suggested the appointment of Edouard Balladur, who had promised that he would not run for the presidency against Chirac in 1995. Updates? [101], Chirac remained married, but had several other relationships.[102][103][104]. Jacques Chirac, in full Jacques René Chirac, (born November 29, 1932, Paris, France—died September 26, 2019, Paris), French politician, who served as the country’s president (1995–2007) and prime minister (1974–76, 1986–88). A l'instar de Jacques Chirac, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing aurait possédé un appartement secret pour recevoir ses nombreuses conquêtes : une garçonnière pour sa deuxième vie loin de l'Elysée. En 1988, il se présente à la présidentielle, où le Front national, dirigé par Jean-Marie Le Pen, fait une percée. Auteur de plusieurs livres, et sujet de multiples ouvrages, il avait aussi créé le musée du quai Branly, qui porte désormais son nom et inauguré la Fondation Chirac pour préserver les langues rares et les spécificités culturelles menacées. On 1 February 1996, Chirac announced that France had ended "once and for all" its nuclear testing and intended to accede to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Chirac then declared that multipartism was a "kind of luxury."[30]. On 21 March 1974, he cancelled the SAFARI project due to privacy concerns after its existence was revealed by Le Monde.
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