Son parti connaît cependant des dissensions internes, et il est critiqué. Remaining mayor of Paris, he made his third run for the presidency in May 1995 and this time defeated the Socialist candidate, Lionel Jospin. At the 2002 French presidential election, he won 82.2% of the vote in the second round against the far-right candidate, Jean-Marie Le Pen. Reelected in 1973, 1976. [96] Chirac said that "The Republic is not a dictatorship of rumours, a dictatorship of calumny. [100] Chirac was the grandfather of Martin Rey-Chirac by the relationship of Claude with French judoka Thierry Rey. La meilleure citation de Jacques Chirac préférée des internautes. He refused to give instructions to the RPR voters but said that he supported the incumbent president "in a private capacity", which was interpreted as almost de facto support of the Socialist Party's (PS) candidate, François Mitterrand, who was elected by a broad majority. Par L'Obs. In a speech made on 16 July 1995 at the site of the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup, where 13,000 Jews had been held for deportation to concentration camps in July 1942, Chirac said, "France, on that day, committed the irreparable". He said his country's nuclear arsenal had been reconfigured to include the ability to make a tactical strike in retaliation for terrorism. The 14-day period between the two rounds of voting was marked by demonstrations against Le Pen and slogans such as "Vote for the crook, not for the fascist" or "Vote with a clothespin on your nose". Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Member of European Parliament: 1979–80 (Resignation). On the domestic front, neo-liberal economic austerity measures introduced by Chirac and his conservative prime minister Alain Juppé, including budgetary cutbacks, proved highly unpopular. to be the voice[citation needed] within the G8 summit meetings to support international action to curb global warming and climate change concerns. Jacques Chirac a fait élire Valéry Giscard d’Estaing en 1974 et l’a fait chuter en 1981. Secretary of State for Economy and Finance: 1968–71. In November 2002 France backed a U.S.-sponsored resolution mandating the return to Iraq of weapons inspectors, who had been withdrawn in 1998. After some months in the ministry for Relations with Parliament, Chirac's first high-level post came in 1972 when he became Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development under Pompidou, who had been elected president in 1969, after de Gaulle retired. While the Giscardian liberals of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) had moved to the right,[citation needed] the UMP won the parliamentary elections that followed the presidential poll with ease. The RPR was conceived as an electoral machine against President Giscard d'Estaing. However, benefiting from positive polls, Balladur decided to be a presidential candidate, with the support of a majority of right-wing politicians. )[64] "My whole life has been committed to serving France, and serving peace", Chirac said, adding that he would find new ways to serve France after leaving office. Sa famille l’a annoncé, jeudi 26 septembre, auprès de l’Agence France Presse. "Jacques chirac's balancing acts: The French right and Europe. Les acquis sociaux avaient été le thème choisi par François Mitterrand pour porter des coups de boutoir durant la cohabitation avec Jacques Chirac. It was officially reported as a "minor stroke"[62] or a mild stroke (also known as a transient ischemic attack). in Nester, This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 01:09. However, as Giscard had been knocked out, Chirac appeared as the principal leader of the right-wing opposition. In December 1974, he took the lead of the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR) against the will of its more senior personalities. "Rien ne va plus entre Chirac et Tiberi", Jean Guarrigues, professor at the University of, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, President of the General Council of Corrèze, Learn how and when to remove this template message, scandals about the financing of RPR by Paris municipality, Jacques Chirac's second term as President of France, Iraq of alleged weapons of mass destruction, 2005 French European Constitution referendum, Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, North Africa Security and Order Operations Commemorative Medal, Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary, Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg", Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Privatization Is Essential, Chirac Warns Socialists: Resisting Global Currents, France Sticks to Being French, "Jacques Chirac President of France from 1995 to 2007", "Jacques Chirac, French president, 1932-2019", "The last true Gaullist: how Jacques Chirac charmed France", "Jacques Chirac verdict welcomed by anti-corruption campaigners", "Jacques Chirac, former French president, is dead at 86", "France more liberalised than social democratized? [citation needed], On 29 May 2005, a referendum was held in France to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed treaty for a Constitution of the European Union (TCE). In February 2014 he was admitted to hospital because of pains related to gout. While the far-right National Front grew, taking advantage of the proportional representation electoral system which had been introduced for the 1986 legislative elections, he signed an electoral pact with the Giscardian (and more or less Christian Democratic) party Union for French Democracy (UDF). After François Mitterrand left office in 1995, Chirac began a rapprochement with NATO by joining the Military Committee and attempting to negotiate a return to the integrated military command, which failed after the French demand for parity with the United States went unmet. During his two terms, he increased the Elysee Palace's total budget by 105 percent (to €90 million, whereas 20 years before it was the equivalent of €43.7 million). [78] His requiem mass was held at the Saint-Sulpice Church on 30 September 2019, celebrated by Michel Aupetit, Archbishop of Paris, and attended by representatives from about 175 countries, included 69 past and present heads of state, government and international organizations. Retrouvez les 111 critiques et avis pour le film Dans la peau de Jacques Chirac, réalisé par Michel Royer et Karl Zéro avec Jacques Chirac, Bernadette Chirac, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. Chirac’s leadership among Europeans opposed to the war created considerable enmity toward him in the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush. Despite the rising awareness of global warming issues, the G8 focused on "energy security" issues. Lire la critique. France led several other European countries in an effort to prevent the invasion. French Pres. 1995-ben választották meg először, majd 2002-ben másodszor erre a posztra.Hivatalát 2007. május 16-án tette le. [citation needed], Chirac made his first run for president against Giscard d'Estaing in the 1981 election, thus splitting the centre-right vote. [93], On 15 December 2011, Chirac was found guilty and given a suspended sentence of two years. [citation needed]. On 27 February 1974, after the resignation of Raymond Marcellin, Chirac was appointed Minister of the Interior. Si Jacques Chirac s'investit personnellement dans la défense des plus symboliques d'entre elles, telles la majorité à 18 ans, la loi sur l'avortement, l'extension de la couverture de sécurité sociale ou la réforme de l'audiovisuel (avec l'éclatement de l'ORTF en sept entités autonomes, comprenant les trois chaines et Radio France, tout en conservant le monopole d'État), celles-ci, ainsi que certaines actions du président … Chirac was elected on a platform of tax cuts and job programmes, but his policies did little to ease the labour strikes during his first months in office. [citation needed]. The Israeli Air Force alleged that the reactor's imminent commissioning was a threat to its security, and pre-emptively bombed the Osirak reactor on 7 June 1981, provoking considerable anger from French officials and the United Nations Security Council. Jacques Chirac est le 22ème président de la République française du 17 mai 1995 au 16 mai 2007 et le 5ème président, depuis la mise en place de la Vème République, en 1958, période incluant la troisième cohabitation avec Lionel Jospin entre 1997 et 2002. Chirac instead suggested the appointment of Edouard Balladur, who had promised that he would not run for the presidency against Chirac in 1995. Que ce soit Chirac, Tatayé ou le Dalai-Lama, on s'en fout pas mal, il ne s'agit pas dire ce que l'on pense de l'auteur, mais de s'en tenir à une réflexion sur la "citation".Mes critiques sont très souvent acerbes et sans concession, sont elles pour autant dénigrantes ? As the candidate of the centre-right RPR, Chirac ran for the presidency against Mitterrand and was defeated in runoff elections in May 1988, whereupon he resigned the post of prime minister. During an official visit to Madagascar on 21 July 2005, Chirac described the repression of the 1947 Malagasy uprising, which left between 80,000 and 90,000 dead, as "unacceptable". [87], The conditions of the privatisation of the Parisian water system acquired very cheaply by the Compagnie Générale des Eaux and the Lyonnaise des Eaux, then directed by Jérôme Monod, a close friend of Chirac, were also criticised. Une pluie de réactions s'est abattue sur les réseaux sociaux à l'annonce de la mort de l'ancien président français, Jacques Chirac, ce jeudi 26 septembre matin. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacques-Chirac, Jacques Chirac - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The day was declared a national day of mourning in France and a minute of silence was held nationwide at 15:00. Plusieurs hommages sont faits à Jacques Chirac, mais des personnalités n'ont pas hésité à le critiquer. He hired 145 extra employees – the total number of the people he employed simultaneously was 963. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Mayor of Paris: 1977–95 (Resignation, became President of the French Republic in 1995). In fine, Jacques Chirac aura été l'un des hommes politiques les plus populaires, et les plus tenaces de la Ve République. Jacques Chirac (Infobase Publishing, 2007), short biography excerpt Although Chirac was well-situated in de Gaulle's entourage, being related by marriage to the general's sole companion at the time of the Appeal of 18 June 1940, he was more of a "Pompidolian" than a "Gaullist". Claude Chirac a voué une admiration sans borne à son père. [12], Chirac was an only child (his elder sister, Jacqueline, died in infancy before his birth). Chirac quickly earned a reputation as a champion of French farmers' interests, and first attracted international attention when he assailed U.S., West German, and European Commission agricultural policies which conflicted with French interests. [47] He also published a plan to reduce the number of fighters the French military had by 30.[48]. In the spring of the same year—despite criticism for various ethical lapses and accusations of illegal fund-raising levied against the RPR—Chirac won the first round of France’s presidential balloting over right-wing nationalist Jean-Marie Le Pen and Jospin, whose third-place showing eliminated him from the second round. The 182-page typewritten work, supervised by Professor Jean Chardonnet, is illustrated by photographs, sketches and diagrams. [citation needed], Giscard has always blamed Chirac for his defeat. His character for a while developed a superhero alter ego, Super Menteur ("Super Liar") to get him out of embarrassing situations. Also that year, Chirac signed into law a controversial measure that prohibited head scarves worn by Muslim girls, as well as other religious symbols, in state schools. Chirac vainly attempted to rally Gaullists behind Prime Minister Pierre Messmer. Reelected in 1970, 1976, 1982. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [7] After pursuing these policies in his second term as Prime Minister, he changed his views. Elsewhere, the plan for university reform (plan Devaquet) caused a crisis in 1986 when a student called Malik Oussekine was killed by the police, leading to massive demonstrations and the proposal's withdrawal. He did not explain the reasons for his decision. Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. This matter has been called the second Clearstream Affair. Celles et ceux qui sont marqués à jamais dans leur âme et dans leur chair par le souvenir de ces journées de larmes et de honte. Ressources Eduscol sur Jacques Chirac : pas une critique ni un mot sur les affaires judiciaires ! Chirac seized the occasion to periodically criticise Jospin's government. Future Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin acquired much of his popularity for his speech against the war at the United Nations (UN). In 1954, Chirac presented The Development of the Port of New-Orleans, a short geography/economic thesis to the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), which he had entered three years before. However, a controversial judicial decision in 1999 granted Chirac immunity while he was president of France. [69] He sat for the first time on the council on 15 November 2007, six months after leaving the presidency. Ministre en 1968, il ne quitte le devant de la scène qu'en 2007. [91][92] Along with Chirac, nine others stood trial in two separate cases, one dealing with fictional jobs for 21 people and the other with jobs for the remaining seven. Omissions? He refused to testify on these matters, arguing that it would be incompatible with his presidential functions. "From Chirac to Sarkozy. Saddam approved a deal granting French oil companies a number of privileges plus a 23-percent share of Iraqi oil. European Military Support for Operations in Southwest Asia", "Chirac faces investigation into 'misuse of public cash, "Le dossier judiciaire de Jacques Chirac s'alourdit", "France: Jacques Chirac corruption trial opens", "Jacques Chirac trial faces further delays", "French ex-President Jacques Chirac guilty of corruption", "Jacques Chirac found guilty of corruption", "Chirac Found Guilty in Political Funding Case", Caught in deep water: Chirac swims against a tide of scandal, "The troubled daughter of a French President, hidden away for decades, has died", "BBC World Service: "Letter from Paris – John Laurenson on Claude Chirac's crucial but understated electoral role, "Chirac's wife tells of anorexic daughter's death wish", "Troubled Chirac's adopted daughter rides to his rescue", French leaders featured in extramarital affair website billboard campaign, "First lady tells of Chirac's infidelity", "The Hollande Affair and the End of Presidential Privacy in France", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Chirac&oldid=1000000978, French military personnel of the Algerian War, Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry, Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (France), Grand Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, Grand Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Knights of the Order of Agricultural Merit, People convicted of misusing public funds, Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, Recipients of the Cross for Military Valour, Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria, Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Malta), Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 1st class, State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates, Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election, Heads of government who were later imprisoned, Recipients of the Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from April 2010, Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles needing additional references from May 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from September 2019, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles needing additional references from November 2019, Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Collar of the Order of Etihad (Order of the Federation), Bell, David S., Erwin C. Hargrove, and Kevin Theakston. [54] The gunman, Maxime Brunerie, underwent psychiatric testing; the violent far-right group with which he was associated, Unité Radicale, was then administratively dissolved. In an address to the nation, Chirac declared that the new cabinet's top priority was to curb unemployment, which was consistently hovering above 10 percent, calling for a "national mobilisation" to that effect. [28], After the poor results of the election, Chirac broke with Garaud and Juillet. [20] He then volunteered to fight in the Algerian War, using personal connections to be sent despite the reservations of his superiors. Il déroge à la règle qu'il s'était fixé : ne pas critiquer son successeur. Notably, in 2004 his former prime minister Alain Juppé was convicted of misappropriating public funds. I do not believe France is responsible," he said in September 1994. [citation needed], In the United States Chirac worked at Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis, Missouri. At the year's end Chirac faced major workers' strikes which turned, in November–December 1995, into a general strike, one of the largest since May 1968. Whereas the policies of Mitterrand’s second term…, …had proved deeply disappointing to Chirac, who had engineered Balladur’s appointment on the assumption that he would stand in for Chirac and step aside in his favour when the presidential election approached. In the anticipated elections that Chirac called in 1997, a Socialist majority swept back to power, and Jospin returned to head a coalition of Socialists, Communists, and Greens. Publié le 04 juillet 2005 à 11h43. Elected in 1979. President François Mitterrand had reiterated this position: "The Republic had nothing to do with this. Entre les deux hommes : des désaccords politiques et des humiliations. Chirac was advised by Pierre Juillet and Marie-France Garaud, two former advisers of Pompidou. Chirac was previously the Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as the Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995. Ce jeudi, Jacques Chirac nous a quitté. His position was weakened by scandals about the financing of RPR by Paris municipality. Jacques Chirac (right) with European Commission Pres. The right-of-centre triumph of 1995 did not last. At Pompidou's suggestion, Chirac ran as a Gaullist for a seat in the National Assembly in 1967. Updates? His superiors did not want to make him an officer because they suspected he had communist leanings. Jacques Chirac ne parle pas facilement de lui-même. This unprecedented power-sharing arrangement, known as cohabitation, gave Chirac the lead in domestic affairs. Chirac saw his prestige fall further in 2006, when massive demonstrations forced the government to abandon legislation that would have made it easier for companies to fire young employees. Le point culminant de la mésentente entre les deux hommes est sans doute "l’appel de Cochin", texte dans lequel Jacques Chirac critique l’UDF, parti de Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, en 1978. [84], The Osirak deal became a controversy again in 2002–2003, when an international military coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq and forcibly removed Hussein's government from power. Comment Jacques Chirac a créé le RPR, sa machine à gagner Le 5e président de la République est décédé ce jeudi à 86 ans. He was given the Ig Nobel prize for peace, for commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Hiroshima with atomic bomb tests in the Pacific (1996). In 2001, the left, represented by Bertrand Delanoë (PS), won a majority on the city council of the capital. Lire la critique. Today the organisation executive board is chaired by Philippe Douste-Blazy. In 1977, Chirac stood as a candidate against Michel d'Ornano, a close friend of the president, and he won. Reelected in 1971. ", Drake, Helen. Mais le courant favorable à Jacques Chirac, mené par Alain Juppé, finit par l’emporter, et le maire de Paris est réélu en 1990 président du RPR. « Il est, dans la vie dune nation, des moments qui blessent la mémoire et lidée que lon se fait de son pays. [14] He then attended the Lycée Carnot and the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? [32], For the first time, his leadership over the RPR was challenged. Charles Pasqua and Philippe Séguin criticised his abandonment of Gaullist doctrines. He was first elected to the National Assembly as a Gaullist in 1967.